China and ASEAN took steps to widen trade under a new protocol. The arrangement is designed to increase commerce between China and the 10-member bloc. Amid rising concern, analysts warned over growing Chinese investment, highlighting risks in deeper ties. In Australia, CPA Australia took part in a Shenzhen economic exchange ahead of APEC. Singapore-based legal firm Wotton Kearney established a marine disputes team. Vietnam announced a cooperation agreement for its industrial fair.

Earlier commentary contended that mainstream international trade theory overlooks development issues. That view identifies gaps in the way trade gains are assessed across economies.